The Growing Spine by Behrooz A. Akbarnia Muharrem Yazici & George H. Thompson

Author:Behrooz A. Akbarnia, Muharrem Yazici & George H. Thompson
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg

22.5 Poliomyelitis Scoliosis

Poliomyelitis is caused by the infectious poliovirus that targets the large motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Most infections result in no longterm problems. However, approximately 1% of patients progress to an irreversible paralytic form [26]. Depending on the muscles paralyzed, musculoskeletal deformities from the imbalanced muscles can result in scoliosis, limb length discrepancies, joint contractures, and foot abnormalities.

With the introduction of the vaccine by Salk and Sabin, there has been a near eradication of polio infections in North America and Europe [117, 118]. Outbreaks of poliomyelitis continue to be reported in third-world countries where vaccination programs and sanitary conditions are inadequate. As recently as 1998, it has been reported that in China 60,000 patients require surgery for poliomyelitis scoliosis [26].

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